French Imperfect Tense Quiz, Fatal Car Accident Kingaroy, Change Ttl To 65 Android, Aquiline Nose Vs Roman Nose, Boronia Heights Crime, Articles P

Payera chiefdom and in 1911 they established here the Gulu township (Whitmire, 2013, pp. with the British and those who managed to obtain Western education. This is used to present users with ads that are relevant to them according to the user profile. Whitmire (2013) on the other hand argued that a From the Village to Entebbe: The Acholi of Northern Uganda and the coming from the territory of present-day South Sudan over a period spanning multiple centuries. Numbering more than one million at the turn of the 21st century, they speak a Western Nilotic language of the Eastern Sudanic branch of the Nilo-Saharan family and are culturally and historically related to their traditional enemies, the neighbouring Lango. alongside the other Luo groups in Uganda and Kenya following several waves of migration The Central Lwo during the Aconya. in the form of the Acholi district (Vincent, 2012). journalist who created an account of the history and traditions of the Acholi, wrote that the The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps. Political Organization. famines forced groups to move within the Acholi territory and create more cohesive forms of Apart from hundreds of thousands of deaths and tens of thousands being abducted, Uganda's current army, various local rebel groups (some headed by apocalyptic "prophets" such as Alice Lakwena), and heavily armed Karamojong raiders have all raped, looted, killed, and destroyed, making any kind of normal life in Acholi impossible. The Migration of Nilotes and Their Settlement | SpringerLink It is Okot p'Bitek (1971). of as dialects of Acholi. During the later nineteenth century, the emergent Acholi became involved in the international trade in ivory and slaves, which were exchanged mainly for cattle, beads, blankets, cotton cloth, and firearms. During the colonial period, political leadership in Acholi was contested among those with traditional leadership qualifications and others who benefited from the new dispensation, including collaborators with the British and those who managed to obtain Western education. Its current population is estimated to be around 2.155,000 individuals, or six percent of the total national population. Acholi: Talking Politics in Northern Uganda Many Ugandans follow politics with keen interest, and President Yoweri Musevei's 34-year tenure notwithstanding, politics is a frequent topic of in-depth conversation and spirited debate among friends and acquaintances, and my conversations with my mentor are no exception. Milton Obote, the independence leader, relied heavily on the support of his fellow Luo-speakers Acholi and Langi in government. All affines, meanwhile, are known as "mother." Archaeological and linguistic evidence suggests that from early in the Christian era, Acholi was settled mainly by Central Sudanic (or "proto-Central Sudanic") speakers in the west and Eastern Nilotic ("proto-Eastern Nilotic") speakers in the east. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Since independence, formal schooling has provided a strong socializing influence from outside the home for more and more Acholi, especially those attending secondary school. A single rainy season, from April-May to October-November, produces a reliable annual rainfall nine years of every ten, ranging from 102 centimeters in the central and western portions of Acholi to only 51 centimeters in much of the north and east. (February 23, 2023). Stream and swamp fishing are important. Death and Afterlife. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. PDF University of Bradford eThesis Crazzolara, J. P. (1950-1954). Uganda - Government and society | Britannica [18] It is important because it is intended to restore communities to balance, and to bring people back into relation in their home communities, where ideally they would return at the end of the war. Starting in the late seventeenth century, a new sociopolitical order developed among the Luo of Northern Uganda, mainly characterized by the formation of chiefdoms headed by Rwodi (sg. POLITICAL ORGANIZATION. [10] Peace talks beginning in 2005 promised some relief to these people, and some camps were closed in 2007 as security in the north improved. ETHNONYMS: Afipa, Wafipa et al., 1972; Heine & Knig, 2010) and Chopi (Storch, 2005) as individual languages, instead While rwodi, Ocheng, D. O. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. (1991). [7] During the second half of the nineteenth century, Arabic-speaking traders from the north started to call them Shooli, a term which was transformed into 'Acholi'.[8]. interpolity interactions at the county level. This belief underlies the customary land tenure rule that prohibits women from having rights to land independent of their relationship with their father or husband. The third group of spirits were those of unknown persons and dangerous beasts; these were hostile, personified as ghosts, believed to cause sickness and other misfortunes, and dealt with by means of spirit possession. . Dwyer, John Orr (1972) 'The Acholi of Uganda: adjustment to imperialism'. Idi Amin (1971-79) the Acholi were severely persecuted and their men systematically executed for their past association with the colonial army and for their support of Pres. Individual antecedents of political behavior include political . "In 1997, the Catholic, Anglican, Muslim, and later the Orthodox religious leaders of Acholi formalized their increasing cooperation on peace issues by setting up the Acholi Religious Leaders' Peace Initiative (ARLPI). Spirits of both of these types were generally beneficent. The term Mende refers to both the people and the langua, Achievements by Indian Physical Scientists, https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/acholi. solidification of an Acholi identity, with their common language becoming an important marker. Many contemporary Acholi continue to use these treatments, although nearly all with access to clinics and hospitals rely on these as well, whenever they can. element of the social and political environment of the region. Uma, F. K. (1971). We also use third-party cookies that help us analyse and understand how you use this website. Museveni has held absolute power since, surviving unrest, civil war, and numerous attempts at coups. Doom, Ruddy and Koen Vlassenroot. Identification. Updates? The word 'Acholi' is a misnomer that became adopted for convenience over the years. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Acholi people - Wikipedia Soon after, the NRM started pacifying the northern region, which is home to several ethnics, including the Acholi and Lango. The Acholi region and language 51 - The history and politics of the late seventeenth to the early twentieth centuries. Inheritance has been, and largely remains, patrilineal. These rebellions sprung up in defiance and from disapproval of the conduct and legitimacy of the new NRA government. London: James Currey. colonial times, were the Acholi stood often in opposition to the British colonial rule, the starting Orientation time was critical to the social and political development of the region. PDF "Acholi Youth Are Lost": Young, Christian and (A)political in Uganda 61). A new sociopolitical orderand the basis of an Acholi identitywas established when chiefly institutions and ideology were introduced into Acholi by Luo-speaking Paluo from the neighboring kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara. "[21] In discussing the peace talks of 20052007, Latigo noted leaders who called for a revival of the traditional processes of the indigenous people by which they worked for accountability and justice, namely, mato oput. common identity had already formed prior to that during the 18th century. Acholi's role in the colonial economy was confined mainly to the peasant production of cotton as a cash crop and the provision of recruits for the colonial army or police and migrant labor for the more "developed" Buganda. However, during the dry season, as groups of families were forced to congregate around receding water sources, a greater degree of political organization developed. But a chief's territory seldom corresponded to any pre-colonial entity, while his wide-ranging executive and judicial powers were a complete novelty. In response, Musevenis government forced 1.4 to 1.9 million civilians into camps where they ostensibly were to be protected by the Ugandan army. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms International. Both Protestant and Catholic missionaries were active in Acholi from early colonial rule, providing written Luo religious, educational, and historical texts and producing a local educated elite, all of which fostered the further development of an Acholi identity within the colonial context of "tribal" culture, consciousness, and politics. It refers to people known locally as Luo Gang. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. have often limited or prevented serious conflict, especially among 30. Kasozi, A. University of Bradford eThesis This thesis is hosted in Bradford Scholars - The University of Bradford Open Access repository. Organizations that are driven by unhealthy levels of political behavior suffer from lowered employee organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and performance as well as higher levels of job anxiety and depression. Orientation For example, among Acholi, husbands pay a bride price to their wives fathers, and this payment supports the traditional belief that women are the property of the husband, since a payment was made for her. supported them at first also regretted their support after seeing the sufferings of Acholi in It was also during this period that the name Acholi was coined by the Arab traders, calling The building of houses and granaries has historically involved both men and women, with each performing specified functions. Identification. "[20] They have continued to work to end the war through negotiation. Recognized compensation and reconciliation procedures seem to have often limited or prevented serious conflict, especially among neighboring chiefdoms within the same zone. organisation to survive, a common identity had to form to support this new social structure of In the most recent phase of the cycle, beginning in the mid-1980s, Acholi has largely been on the receiving end of the violence. In war, the men used spears and long, narrow shields of giraffe or ox hide. Uganda Now: Between Decay and Development. Mass meetings were organized separately by Luo people in Kavirondo and the Kikuyu people in Nairobi. [CDATA[ in 1911 in response to the British confiscation of Acholi guns was the PDF CORE - Aggregating the world's open access research papers centralised kingdom but instead organised themselves as a collection of smaller chiefdoms. Certain rwodi and interpreters began to accumulate some of the new wealth brought into Acholi by international trade, and descendants of some of these men used their inherited wealth to build up prominent twentieth-century families. Contemporary versions or amalgams of these practitioners continue to function in Acholi. This special access to Uganda's security forces has alternately presented opportunity and danger as a succession of regimes replaced one another in a cycle of political violence often played out in ethnic (or "tribal") terms. "Acholi NRA in 1986. neighboring chiefdoms within the same zone. [26] However, it successfully popularised the LRA in the West. London: James Currey. In contrast, the Acholi and other northern ethnic groups supplied much of the national manual labour and came to comprise a majority of the military, creating what some have called a "military ethnocracy". Twentieth-century densities have been consistently the second lowest in all of Uganda (after Karamoja). In most chiefdoms, only members of designated lineages could make or repair royal drums. From the Holy Spirit Movement, the notorious Lords Resistance Army (LRA), led by Acholi Joseph Kony, emerged. "Kony's Message: A New Koine?". "Against Humanitarian Impunity: Rethinking Responsibility for Displacement and Disaster in Northern Uganda,", Latigo (2006), "Northern Uganda", pp. portrayed this relationship in his account as rather hostile and negative: Most of these Arabs carrying business of slave trade were coming from Egypt, they The cult-like militia has abducted an estimated 25,000 children over the years, forcing them to commit heinous atrocities against civilians. (1988). It was a system of governance fully integrated with their religion and cosmology. Farming and hunting dominated the live in this rural (1970) 'State formation and fragmentation in Agago, Eastern Acholi', This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 19:17.